β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (free acid) (NAD)
NAD wani abu ne da aka saba amfani da shi wajen hada sinadarin dehydrogenase a cikin halittu masu rai. Yana shiga cikin halayen redox a cikin halittu masu rai, kuma yana jigilar da kuma canja wurin electrons don abubuwa a cikin martanin. Dehydrogenase yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin metabolism na ɗan adam. Wasu motsin metabolism na jikin ɗan adam na asali, kamar rushewar furotin, rushewar carbohydrate, da rushewar kitse, ba za a iya aiwatar da su ba tare da dehydrogenase ba, kuma mutane za su rasa alamun mahimmanci. Kuma saboda haɗin NAD da dehydrogenase na iya haɓaka metabolism, don haka NAD wani ɓangare ne mai mahimmanci na jikin ɗan adam. Dangane da amfani da samfurin, ana iya raba shi zuwa matakai masu zuwa: matakin biotransformation, matakin diagnosis reagent, matakin abinci na lafiya, API da kayan abinci na shiri.
| Sunan Sinadarai | Acid kyauta (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) |
| Ma'ana iri ɗaya | β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
| Lambar CAS | 53-84-9 |
| Nauyin kwayoyin halitta | 663.43 |
| Tsarin Kwayoyin Halitta | C21H27N7O14P2 |
| EINECS: | 200-184-4 |
| Wurin narkewa | 140-142 °C (rushewa) |
| zafin ajiya. | -20°C |
| narkewa | H2O: 50 mg/mL |
| siffa | Foda |
| launi | Fari |
| Merck | 14,6344 |
| BRN | 3584133 |
| Kwanciyar hankali: | Mai ƙarfi. Mai hana ruwa shiga. Bai dace da sinadarai masu ƙarfi na oxidizing ba. |
| InChIKey | BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-WWRWIPRPSA-N |
| Kayan Gwaji | Bayani dalla-dalla |
| Bayyanar | Foda mai launin fari zuwa fari |
| Binciken hasken UV εa 260 nm da pH 7.5 | (18±1.0) × 10³ L/mol/cm |
| Narkewa | 25mg/mL 25mg/mL a cikin ruwa |
| Abubuwan da ke ciki (ta hanyar nazarin enzymatic tare da ADH a pH 10, ta amfani da spectrophotometer, abs.340nm, bisa tushen ruwa) | ≥98.0% |
| Gwaji (ta hanyar HPLC, bisa tushen ruwa mai hana ruwa) | 98.0~102.0% |
| Tsarkaka (ta hanyar HPLC, %area) | ≥99.0% |
| Yawan ruwa (ta KF) | ≤3% |
Kunshin:Kwalba, jakar foil ta Aluminum, 25kg/Kwatin Drum, ko kuma bisa ga buƙatar abokin ciniki.
Yanayin Ajiya:A rufe da kyau a cikin duhu, don ajiya na dogon lokaci, a ajiye a zafin jiki na 2-8℃.
Matsayin Biotransformation: Ana iya amfani da shi don haɗa sinadarai masu shiga tsakani na magunguna da APIs, galibi tare da enzymes masu shiga tsakani, kamar ketoreductase (KRED), nitroreductase (NTR), P450 monooxygenase (CYP), formate dehydrogenase (FDH)), glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), da sauransu, waɗanda zasu iya aiki tare don canza amino acid daban-daban da sauran magunguna masu alaƙa. A halin yanzu, masana'antun magunguna da yawa na cikin gida sun fara amfani da maye gurbin enzyme na halitta, kuma buƙatar kasuwa don NAD+ tana ƙaruwa da sauri.
Matsayin sinadaran bincike: An haɗa shi da nau'ikan enzymes na bincike iri-iri, a matsayin kayan asali na kayan bincike.
Matsayin abinci a fannin lafiya: NAD wani coenzyme ne na dehydrogenase. Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, zagayowar tricarboxylic acid, da kuma sarkar numfashi, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a samar da makamashi, kuma yana taimakawa wajen samar da L-dopa, wanda ya zama dopamine Neurotransmitters. Musamman a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an gano cewa shine "injiniya" da "mai" a cikin tsarin gyaran lalacewar ƙwayoyin halitta. A cewar bincike, ƙarin coenzymes (gami da NMN, NR, NAD, NADH) a cikin vitro na iya haɓaka ƙarfin antioxidant na ƙwayoyin nama, hana siginar apoptosis, dawo da aikin ƙwayoyin halitta na yau da kullun, hana faruwar cututtuka ko hana ci gaban cututtuka.
Bugu da ƙari, coenzymes na iya haɓaka ikon amsawar garkuwar jiki ta hanyar kunnawa da haɓaka balaga na ƙwayoyin rigakafi na asali, samar da abubuwan hana kumburi da kuma danne ƙwayoyin T masu daidaita. Nicotinamide dinucleotide oxidation state (NAD+) coenzyme ne da ake samu a cikin dukkan ƙwayoyin halitta masu rai. Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ɗaruruwan hanyoyin rayuwa a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta, yana shiga cikin dubban halayen jiki, kuma shine mafi mahimmancin memba na sarkar jigilar lantarki. Mai ba da gudummawar hydrogen; a lokaci guda, coenzyme I yana aiki azaman tushen enzymes masu alaƙa a cikin jiki, yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye ayyukan enzymes.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) shine tushen sinadarin nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidation state (NAD+), wanda ke da hannu a cikin hada NAD a cikin jiki. A shekarar 2013, Farfesa David Sinclair na Makarantar Likitanci ta Harvard ya gano cewa da shekaru, matakin cofactor coenzyme I (NAD+) na furotin tsawon rai a cikin jiki yana ci gaba da raguwa, wanda ke haifar da raguwar aikin mitochondrial na "dynamo" na kwayar halitta, yana haifar da tsufa, da kuma abubuwa daban-daban a cikin jiki. Ta haka ne ake samar da rashin aikin wannan nau'in aikin. A cewar jerin bincikensa, abubuwan da ke cikin NAD+ a cikin jikin mutum suna raguwa da shekaru, wanda ke haifar da saurin tsufa daga shekaru 30, tare da wrinkles, shakatawa na tsoka, tarin kitse, da cututtuka kamar cututtukan zuciya, hawan jini, bugun jini, ciwon suga da cutar Alzheimer ke ƙaruwa da haɗari. Mabuɗin tsawon rai shine ƙara matakin coenzyme I (NAD+) a cikin jiki, ƙara yawan metabolism na tantanin halitta, da kuma ƙarfafa ƙarfin kuzarin matasa.
Kayan aikin API da kayan aikin shiryawa: Ana amfani da NAD+ a cikin allurai don maganin/kula da jarabar miyagun ƙwayoyi, gami da maganin jijiyoyi na NAD IV da aka aiwatar a Amurka, Turai, Rasha, Afirka ta Kudu, Mexico, Kudancin Amurka, Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya da sauran ƙasashe. Kayayyakin da aka shirya da kansu a cikin magunguna, kamar shagunan magani na Amurka, za su iya siyan kayan aiki don rarrabawa da kansu, kamar shirye-shiryen asibiti na China, suna sarrafa ingancin kayan aiki da kansu, kuma suna shirya shirye-shirye don yin magunguna.
